Mindful Canine trainers each have their own unique preferences for tool use, which will vary on a case-to-case basis in favor of what is most safe and effective for each training scenario. All methods and tool applications are rooted in science with the well-being of the canine learner and their human owner in mind (see FAQ for methods overview). All training tools are explained in detail and owner-approved before used in training. Tools such as traditional or front-clip harnesses, head halters, slip leads, traffic leads, martingale collars, event markers such as clickers or whistles, tone and/or vibration emitters, electronic remote food dispensers, electronic collars, prong collars, platforms, standard leads and long lines, retractable leads and back-ties, muzzles, gates and kennels, toys, naturally occurring stimuli, and more may be selected for training. Mindful Canine is happy to exclude the use of any tool that a dog owner does not wish to use, as long as doing so does not pose a danger to the dog (for example, an owner is welcome to decline the use of an e-collar, but may not decline the use of a long line or standard leash in a public setting if the dog does not have a reliable recall skill). There is no singular training tool that guarantees reliable behavior change, including the use of high value food. If you have questions or concerns about which training tools are appropriate for your dog, reach out to a Mindful Canine trainer.